![]() Once arranged, the ordering of elements shows clear groupings where similar properties are displayed.Īnyone who studies the periodic table will know these groups, with the Noble Gases and the Alkaline Earth Metals just two of the columns in the table containing elements with similar properties. In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev published what's generally cited as the first periodic table, Mendeleev's Periodic System, which arranged chemical elements in order of their atomic weight. Today, Nobel Prizes are the pinnacle of achievement in these fields. In his will, he asked that his fortune be used for presenting annual awards in the fields of chemistry, physics, medicine, literature and peace, with an award for economics later added. Given the widespread use of dynamite, Nobel accumulated great wealth. Aside from exceptional linguistic skills (he mastered four foreign languages), Alfred Nobel was a highly successful chemist credited with the invention of dynamite, which historically proved incredibly useful for blasting tunnels, building railways and constructing roads. If the most prestigious awards in the world of academia are presented in your name, it's fair to say you’re among the greatest minds in your field. ![]() He proved that some diseases are caused by microorganisms that multiply in the body, and that if these microbes are weakened and retained the body forms a resistance to the disease. By pasteurising it, the potentially harmful pathogens within it are killed off, making it much safer to drink.Īs well as discovering microbiology, Pasteur also unearthed the process of vaccination. Louis Pasteur's research found that the souring of beer and wine was caused by microorganisms, and that these microbes could be removed by boiling and cooling the liquid immediately – now known as pasteurisation. Although he didn't know it at the time, Priestley had discovered oxygen. ![]() ![]() Priestley shut mice in a tight-sealed container filled with the new air and found they could survive longer than with normal air. It wasn’t until March 1775 that he wrote to several people about this new air, after conducting experiments into it. In August 1774, Priestley isolated what he called an ‘air’ that appeared to be completely new. As well as being a philosopher, political theorist and dissenting clergyman, Joseph Priestley was the first scientist to discover oxygen. ![]()
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